Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. At a finer geographic scale, the occurrence of the congener d. In ireland, the grey field slug deroceras reticulatum is the predominant slug pest species in arable crops. The molluscs were obtained by manual collection, in natural areas. The mantle is lighter in color over the lung and the sole is light grey. A bioassay for screening materials influencing feeding in.
Deroceras reticulatum wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Neuropeptides predicted from the transcriptome analysis of the gray garden slug deroceras reticulatum. Endotoxin activity of moraxella osloensis against the grey garden. Ocular tentacle malformation in deroceras reticulatum mollusca. The spatial lag of sampling distance between sampling points was shown to be unimportant in the intensity analyses. Deroceras reticulatum was until recently included under the name agriolimax agrestis linnaeus, 1758 in older literature. Sizespecific susceptibility of the pest slugs deroceras reticulatum and arion lusitanicus to the nematode biocontrol agent phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita.
For the purpose of the experiment, slugs deroceras reticulatum were caught from. The penis p in the species is broad with only a single, irregularly branched appendix. Though variable, this slug usually has a pale creamy body and a brown mantle. Deroceras agreste, however, is a separate species and records of d. Pdf ocular tentacle malformation in deroceras reticulatum. Pdf delay dynamics of the slug deroceras reticulatum, an. The overall body shape of the slug is cylindrical, elongated and ends in a short keel. At stocking rates of 1500 sheep daysha or more, slug control in excess of 90% can be achieved with the flexibility of employing various combinations of stock numbers and length of grazing period. Deroceras reticulatum an overview sciencedirect topics.
This slug attains a maximum length of 50 mm when fully extended. Most species reach only 3035 mm in length max 45 mm. Biology and life cycle of the gray field slug college of. However, their distribution now spreads as far as australasia. This slug prefers modified habitats, such as garden, greenhouses, roadsides and fields. Pdf in the southeast of buenos aires province argentina, slugs cause reductions in crop yield by. The biology of the grey garden slug deroceras reticulatum. Pdf moraxella osloensis gene expression in the slug host. Bacteria were isolated from the crop, digestive glands and salivary glands of the field slug deroceras reticulatum muller. Slugs have also been implicated in the transmission of. The digestive gland was the most densely populated organ with about. An deroceras reticulatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga deroceras, ngan familia nga limacidae. Deroceras panormitanum is a chocolatebrown, greybrown or almost black slug that ranges in length form 2530 mm. Neuropeptides predicted from the transcriptome analysis of.
The distribution of deroceras laeve was originally palearctic, from the subpolar zones to the southern margins. Predation on the slug deroceras reticulatum by the carabid. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate combined action bait and liquid metaldehyde as an alternative. It ranges in color from dark brown or yellowish to almost black, while the head and tentacles posses a characteristic smoky, bluish black color. Comprehensive report species deroceras reticulatum. Deroceras reticulatum is widespread and abundant in temperate.
Damage to oilseed rape seedlings by the field slug deroceras reticulatum in relation to glucosinolate concentration. Until 2011, this widely distributed species was known as deroceras panormitanum, and earlier as deroceras caruanae or agriolimax caruanae, but reise et al. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. It should be noted that a penis may be absent in some specimens. Biology and life cycle of the gray field slug deroceras reticulatumderoceras reticulatum muller, the gray field slug or sometimes called gray garden slug, has many different adult color morphs and damages multiple crops in the pacific northwest pnw and worldwide. This bacteriumfeeding nematode acts as a vector that transports m. This bacteriumfeeding nematode has potential for the biological control of slugs, especially the grey garden slug, deroceras reticulatum. Deroceras reticulatum, common names the grey field slug and grey garden slug, is a species of small airbreathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family agriolimacidae. Background the bacterium moraxella osloensis is a mutualistic symbiont of the slugparasitic nematode phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. Extracts of volatiles from foliage of three plants in the apiaceae, conium maculatuml. Deroceras reticulatum wikispecies, free species directory. Bacteria associated with the digestive system of the slug.
Ocular tentacle malformation in deroceras reticulatum. In this study we present a new malformation not documented in the ocular tentacles of slug deroceras reticulatum that could be due to the action of pesticides. Moraxella osloensis gene expression in the slug host deroceras reticulatum article pdf available in bmc microbiology 81. Impact of the field slug deroceras reticulatum on establishment of ryegrass and white clover in mixed swards. The penis in the species is broad and markedly bilobed with 46 appendixes. A survey of slug densities in upland hay meadows found that it was the most common and abundant slug species across a gradient of management intensity and plant diversity including sites suitable for restoration barlow, 2012. Deroceras reticulatum, common names the grey field slug and grey garden slug, is a species of small airbreathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate. Reticulated slug deroceras sturangi deroceras agreste. Deroceras reticulatum muller, 1774 was introduced into argentina a long time ago, but the biology and. Deroceras reticulatum muller, 1774 was introduced into argentina a long. Moraxella osloensis is a gramnegative bacterium associated with phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, a slugparasitic nematode that has prospects for biological control of mollusk pests, especially the grey garden slug, deroceras reticulatum. One european slug in particular, deroceras reticulatum figure. Parametric intensity and the spatial arrangement of the. Distribution of deroceras reticulatum muller, 1774.
It can be distinguished from other derocerus species by the large and distinct tubercles which are often black edged to give it the netted appearance. Plant volatiles and components influencing behavior of the field slug. Behind the mantle there is the dark spots form a reticulate pattern. Moraxella osloensis gene expression in the slug host. Deroceras reticulatum is widespread and abundant in temperate grasslands south, 1992. The mucus this slug produces is thin, colorless and not excessively gummy. Mar 27, 2009 the use of stock management has been shown to be an effective means of manipulating numbers of the grey field slug, deroceras reticulatum muller. The grey field slug is very variable in colour, creamy or light coffee cream, rarely blackish spotted slugs with spots may appear blackish. Jul 29, 2008 deroceras reticulatum activity is closely related to the prevailing environmental conditions because this species is ectothermic and cannot regulate its own body temperature south, 1992. The acceptability of meadow plants to the slug deroceras. Pdf biological studies and phenology of the slug deroceras. The grey field slug deroceras reticulatum has become a pest in no tillage sunflower helianthus annuus l.
The origin of deroceras reticulatum is believed to be europe wiktor, 1996 and currently has a worldwide distribution and is a pest for some plant species as well as vector of various harmful parasitic organisms for both humans and other animals berg, 1997. We will continue to sample these sites to evaluate if more specimens. Survival and food choice of the grey field slug deroceras. Limax reticulatus muller, 1774 limax tunicata gould, 1841 homonyms deroceras reticulatum o.
Pathogenicity of moraxella osloensis, a bacterium associated. Endotoxin activity of moraxella osloensis against the grey. Field slug deroceras reticulatum insects candide gardening. Deroceras reticulatum deroreoverview eppo global database. The body of the slug is covered with dark brown speckles or flecks. Media in category deroceras the following 11 files are in this category, out of 11 total. Find reticulated slug deroceras sturangi deroceras agreste stock images in hd and millions of other royalty free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. It can cause enormous damage, but the knowledge about its feeding biology is limited. The bacterium moraxella osloensis is a mutualistic symbiont of the slugparasitic nematode phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. Deroceras agreste, deroceras reticulatum on green leaf of cabbage. General information about deroceras reticulatum derore eppo global database.
The meadow slug is a small slug approximately 2535 mm long. The skin is very thin and almost completely translucent. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. Pulmonata, were studied further to identify the active components. Delay dynamics of the slug deroceras reticulatum, an agricultural pest. Even low levels of slug damage may place a seedling at a competitive disadvantage towards its herbivory free neighbours due to increased allocation of. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. The penis of this species is long, narrow and mostly twisted, with only a single appendix. Moraxella osloensis, a gramnegative bacterium, is associated with phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, a nematode parasite of slugs. This species is especially destructive to seedlings and succulent plants. Slug damage and control of slugs in horticultural crops. The distribution of tetrahymena limacis in its natural host deroceras reticulatum, and the tissue responses to infection are described. Muller, 1774 common names gartenschnecke in german genetzte ackerschnecke in german genetzter ackerschnegel in german gray fieldslug in english netagersnegl in danish gevlekte akkerslak in dutch gray field slug in language. Deroceras reticulatum, common names the grey field slug and grey garden slug, is a.
Deroceras invadens is a species of airbreathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family agriolimacidae. Adult species were reared under laboratory conditions, and the survival, feeding activity, and weight change of slugs when feed on maize, peas, or wheat seeds were investigated. Deroceras reticulatum gray slug is a one of the present pest in this crop under nt. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Springer nature is making sarscov2 and covid19 research free. Parametric intensity and spatial arrangement analyses were used to investigate the spatial pattern of the slugs arion intermedius and deroceras reticulatum 2. Jan 01, 2001 read predation on the slug deroceras reticulatum by the carabid beetles pterostichus madidus and nebria brevicollis in the presence of alternative prey, agricultural and forest entomology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The sole is white and normally produces clear mucus, however the sole will produce milky white mucus when the animal is disturbed. Some snails are pests of citrus trees and smallscale horticultural crops.
The mantle is oval in shape with fine concentric striations without spots or blotches. Fauna of new zealand, 38 isbn 0478093225 publication date. It is pale brown to tan in color and does not have any conspicuous body markings. Modelling deroceras reticulatum gastropoda population. Pp12891 the design and use of molluscicide small plot cage barriered field trials. Distribution and pathogenicity of tetrahymena limacis in the. Coloration varies considerably within and between species but common patterns are pale cream, with or without darker flecks never stripes, and a more uniform light gray or brown to blackbrown.
Control of the grey field slug deroceras reticulatum muller. Also, their permeable integument demands behavioural avoidance of excessive dehydration or rehydration. The importance of temperature and moisture to the egg. For the various slugs and sluglike species families arionidae, philomycidae, limacidae, milacidae, testacellidae, veronicellidae, absence of suitable moisture, except for the most ubiquitous of species such as deroceras reticulatum muller, 1774, can serve as a barrier to movement frest and johannes, 1995. The acceptability of meadow plants to the slug deroceras reticulatum and implications for grassland restoration. Documents about deroceras reticulatum derore number title download. Susceptibility of the eggs of the field slug deroceras reticulatum to contact with pesticides and substances of biological origin on artificial soil. Deroceras reticulatum in uska species han gastropoda nga syahan ginhulagway ni muller hadton 1774.
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